10 Geography Facts About Florida

10 Geography Facts About Florida Capital: Tallahassee Populace: 18,537,969 (July 2009 gauge) Biggest Cities: Jacksonville, Miami, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Hialeah, and Orlando Region: 53,927 square miles (139,671 sq km) Most noteworthy Point: Britton Hill at 345 feet (105 m) Floridaâ is a state situated in the southeastern United States. It is flanked by Alabama and Georgia toward the north, while the remainder of the state is a landmass that is circumscribed by the Gulf of Mexico toward the west, the Strait of Florida toward the south, and the Atlantic Ocean toward the east. As a result of its warm subtropical atmosphere, Florida is known as the daylight state. Florida Geography Facts Florida is a well known vacationer goal for its numerous sea shores, untamed life in regions like the Everglades, huge urban communities, for example, Miami, and amusement parks like Walt Disney World. Find 10 more topography realities about Florida. 1. Numerous Native Americans Lived Here Florida was first occupied by various diverse Native American clans a large number of years preceding any European investigation of the locale. The biggest known clans in Florida were the Seminole, Apalachee, Ais, Calusa, Timucua, and Tocabago. 2. It Was Discovered in 1513 On April 2, 1513, Juan Ponce de Leã ³n was one of the main Europeans to find Florida. He named it as the Spanish expression for bloomed land. Following Ponce de Leã ³ns revelation of Florida, both the Spanish and the French started to fabricate settlements in the locale. In 1559, Spanish Pensacola was built up as the primary lasting European settlement in what might turn into the United States. 3. Its the 27th State Florida formally entered the U.S. on March 3, 1845, as the 27th state. As the state developed, pilgrims started to drive out the Seminole clan. This brought about the Third Seminole War, which kept going from 1855 to 1858 and brought about a large portion of the clan being moved to different states, (for example, Oklahoma and Mississippi). 4. The travel industry Drives the Economy Floridas economy depends for the most part on administrations identified with the travel industry, money related administrations, exchange, transportation, open utilities, assembling, and development. The travel industry is the biggest area of Floridas economy. 5. The State Relies on Fishing Angling is likewise an enormous industry in Florida. In 2009, the state made $6 billion and utilized 60,000 Floridians. A huge oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 compromised both the angling and the travel industry enterprises in the state. 6. Its Low-Lying The vast majority of Floridas land zone is based on a huge promontory between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Since Florida is encircled by water, quite a bit of it is low-lying and level. Its most elevated point, Britton Hill, is just 345 feet (105 m) above ocean level. This makes it the least high purpose of any U.S. state. Northern Florida has an increasingly differed geology, with delicately moving slopes. Be that as it may, it additionally has generally low rises. 7. It Rains Year-Round Floridas atmosphere is profoundly influenced by its sea area just as its southern U.S. scope. The northern pieces of the state have an atmosphere that is viewed as moist subtropical, while the southern parts (counting the Florida Keys) are tropical. Jacksonville, in northern Florida, has a normal January low temperature of 45.6 degrees F (7.5 degrees C) and a July high of 89.3 degrees F (32 degrees C). Miami, then again, has a January low of 59 degrees F (15 degrees C) and a July high of 76 degrees F (24 degrees C). Downpour is basic all year in Florida. The state is additionally inclined to tropical storms. 8. It Has Rich Biodiversity Wetlands like the Everglades are basic all through Florida and subsequently, the state is wealthy in biodiversity. It is home to many jeopardized species and marine warm blooded creatures like the bottlenose dolphin and the manatee, reptiles like the gator and ocean turtles, huge land vertebrates like the Florida puma, just as aâ plethora of flying creatures, plants, and creepy crawlies. Numerous species additionally breed in Florida because of its gentle atmosphere and warm waters. 9. The People Are Diverse, Too Florida has the fourth most elevated populace of any state in the U.S. what's more, it is one of the countrys quickest developing. An enormous bit of Floridas populace is viewed as Hispanic, yet most of the state is Caucasian. South Florida likewise has huge populaces of individuals from Cuba, Haiti, and Jamaica. Furthermore, Florida is known for its huge retirement networks. 10. It Has Many Higher Education Options Notwithstanding its biodiversity, huge urban areas, and acclaimed amusement parks, Florida is additionally known for its all around created college framework. There are various enormous state funded colleges in the state, for example, Florida State University and the University of Florida, just as numerous huge private colleges and junior colleges. Source: Obscure. Florida. Infoplease, 2018.

Journal 1 – The Metamorphosis

The initial passage of this short story starts with the presentation of Gregor Samsa as a recently changed bug. The storyteller's aim with respect to this abrupt expressing of Gregor's new physical shape, is maybe to pass on Gregor's own amazed and befuddled sentiments into the peruser's psyche. The storyteller appears to envision what the peruser is thinking, as he quickly expresses that Gregor is changed, and what shape he presently has. The storyteller pushes his depiction to unfurling the specific forms of Gregor's body. He takes the point of view of Gregor, looking down on his own body, maybe to elevate the striking quality and merciless mental stun of the primary vision of his â€Å"numerous legs, which were miserably meager contrasted with the remainder of his mass, waved vulnerably before his eyes. † The peruser is along these lines empowered, through this first-individual perspective, to picture that exact picture, which innately enables the peruser to more readily comprehend the impact of the change through Gregor's point of view. The passage specifying Gregor's transformation is trailed by a depiction of his room and of his non-bug life. The peruser sees that where the principal passage was inclining towards structure and a cognizant and exact portrayal of Gregor, this section appears to comprise of more irregular considerations than all else. Maybe Gregor's psyche is meandering about his room, attempting to revamp his human character, though the past section had totally broken his idea of mankind. We can find in the accompanying statement exactly how decided Gregor is to re-discover his mankind, † What has transpired? he thought. It was no fantasy. His room, a customary human room, just rather excessively little, lay calm between the four natural dividers. † Firstly, the way that Gregor states obviously that he lived in a decent, human room appears to be odd, as he wants to qualify the ordinariness of his place of habitation through it's ‘human' bid, rather than, state its ‘roomy' or ‘comfortable' advance. Moreover, the depiction of his room proceeds in its idiosyncrasy, as Gregor feels constrained to additionally harden the commonplace ness of his room through its ‘four recognizable dividers'. It appears that Gregor feels additionally constrained to make his room typical by portraying it as being of regular measurements, henceforth the four dividers, which are natural †a complexity maybe to his recently obtained awkward sentiment of not having a place, of being odd †thus the bug like shape. The apparently xenophobic characteristics of his new character truly struggle with the individual he used to cause himself to be. As he states, â€Å"Above the table on which an assortment of material examples was unloaded and spread out †Samsa was a business explorer †(†¦ † The position he held, assumedly still has, of being a business voyager would persuade that Gregor was not withdrawn at all, in truth the peruser could expect that Gregor filled in as a voyager as a result of his partiality with individuals. However the way where he presently portrays his room maybe recommends that a more profound change had happened, one that influenced his fearlessne ss and his character. Lead by loner like remarks, for example, the â€Å"four recognizable walls†, one can see that Gregor may now discover asylum in the closeness of these dividers, instead of looking for the open universe of a voyager. This response is somewhat obvious, as one could accept that any individual would feel crippled subsequent to being changed into a tremendous bug. However where a few people might be influenced just genuinely, this change appears to have influenced Gregor's mind also. Ultimately, the end-portrayal of the woman, â€Å"sitting upstanding and holding out to the observer an enormous hide muff into which the entire of her lower arm had evaporated! † appears to be odd, as Gregor's response to the gigantic hide muff by one way or another appears to be disconnected, similar to it was the first occasion when he had seen it done. Unexpectedly, Gregor tells the peruser that he had as of late confined the image and had set it over his work area, which would persuade that he had taken a gander at the image before hanging it. In addition, his response to the vanishing lower arm might be identified with the way that he no longer has any, which would along these lines clarify his stunned response; the way that a human is being depicted in some light other than a typical one is both startling and horrifying to Gregor, a thought that is clarified again through his response to the image, and maybe in this manner to his physical state.

Splash 2018

Splash 2018 Heyo everyone! Its Mimi again! I recently became a member of MITs Educational Studies Program, a student group that runs a variety of educational events such as Splash, Spark, Cascade, and several others! The program Im focusing on is Splash. If you dont know, Splash is basically MIT students teaching high schoolers about any topic they want. To give you a sense of the range, when I did Splash 2017 (as a senior and before I got accepted to MIT, how time flies!) I did a game design class, early solar system, basic Japanese, partial differential equations (I dont know multivariable calc, I just thought it would be interesting), quaternions, a queer event (oh look, shes being gay again), and a few others that I cant recall at the moment. But seriously, the breadth is absolutely astonishing! There are already over 400 classes! And they all take place on November 17 to 18! There is really one more reason I wanted to talk about Splash: Im gonna teach a class! So basically, I was kind of disappointed by the game design/dev class because it was spoiled with technical issues and bugs that made it rather frustrating. I wanted to correct those issues and also teach about something new and interesting. My class is called Intro to Game Development with Love 3. As the title suggests, the class is about making games using a framework called Love. One of the things that isnt suggested is that its also an intro to programming course, so no real experience is required! One of the reasons I wanted to teach about Love is that it was my primary game framework in both middle school and high school! While I didnt do anything worth while in middle school (except for some dumb game about passing bills in congress and stuff), Im somewhat fond of my high school work. I mean, its still highly amateurish, but kind of charming. One that I made during sophomore year is called Bullet Helloween (There will be a link here to the source code in the future, once I have scrubbed it). You played as a witch who had to shoot down a variety of different monsters (pumpkins, weird skellys, and evil candy corn). One of my favorite aspects of the game is the different effects that the different weapons you use have on the enemies. The ghost ray shoots much faster than all the other weapons, is much stronger against the pumpkin enemies, but causes the skeleton dudes to go much faster. The candy corn weapon travels in an arc and is super effect against candy corn (a slight ref erence to Megaman 2s Metal Man), but causes the pumpkins to gain health and stop moving. Here is a video of it in action: Bullet-Helloween So yeah, come check out Splash. Come take my class :D If you cant make it to MIT, many other schools have Splashes as well. I highly recommend checking them out and trying to go to one if you can! Thats about all I have to say,

Essay on All You Need to Know About Black Suede Boots Clean

1 How to keep your Black Suede Boots Clean Did you ever wonder why Elvis did not want anyone to step on his suede shoes? Well, if Elvis knew anything about suede, he would know that it hard to clean. It is just ridiculous how your favorite black suede boots could get smudged and muddy within minutes of wearing them outside. However, that does not mean that it is impossible to keep them clean. It just takes more effort than usual and, do not worry, its effort well spent. Here are some ways to keep your suede boots in pristine condition. Know Where You Are Going Knowing where you are going is essential to keeping your suede shoes clean. If you are going to go to a muddy place then be prepared to face the proper consequences. It is going to†¦show more content†¦In fact, several styles or types out there work well with various get ups. This means that it is up to you to know which one works with your wardrobe and which does not. Here are some variations on suede boots. Western, classy and Minnetonka These three are the some of the most popular kinds of slouch boots out there. The western look is great for those of you who enjoy wearing jeans. Moreover, as the name suggest, it is great for people that enjoy the cowboy feel to their look. The classy look works for women that want that playful yet refined touch with their outfit. The Minnetonka on the other hand, is just plain cute and refreshing for those who like to experiment. Low, Mid and High Cuts The cuts refer to how high or how low your slouch boots are. Moreover, they can work to your advantage in a number of ways. Low cuts are usually great for men. They work well with some tight jeans. It is also great for women who enjoy wearing linen pants. The mid and high cuts are great with any gender. They are also more versatile when it comes to wardrobe choices rather than low cuts. Just keep in mind, if you are wearing dark colored jeans then do not wear dark colored boots. Instead, wear dark colored boots to compliment with light colored jeans. 3 Tips on How to pick the best Womens Black Suede Boots Everybody wants his or her own suede boots. Their sexy, fun, and comfortable, especially womens black suede boots. However, before you buy one out of impulse,Show MoreRelatedAn Heirloom From A Horse1279 Words   |  6 Pagessaddlebag of a horse jiggled loose and fell to stony path—its fall broken by a dollop of manure. Soamy picked it out and looked through. Grey. Nothing came into focus no matter how far or near she held it to objects or the ants that scurried around her boot soles. â€Å"Broken,† she said, tossed the looking glass into the long grass and smeared the dirt from her fingers onto her hessian apron. She went on her way—died 52 years later without ever realising her opportunity. In that time and beyond the glassRead MoreCrocs Marketing Plan14993 Words   |  60 Pagesfootwear can be found across the globe. With distinct collections, Crocs offers colorful, lightweight comfort that lasts long and can be worn during all seasons in a year. All Crocs shoes are uniquely designed and manufactured using the Croslite technology. Each pair of Crocs has the soft, comfortable, nonmarking and odor-resistant qualities that Crocs wearers know and love. For a long time Crocs was able to rely on its trusted success formula. However, Sales are declining and forces from the environmentRead MoreBilly s Father Ghost Like Presence5690 Words   |  23 PagesIn all the great lengthy stories of existence... it is said that there has only been one twelve hundred year old boy. His name was Billy. Forty three thousand and sixty nine years before Billy was born his father did something few people have ever ever achieved. He became a ghost. As a ghost... Billy s father was an except ionally brilliant spook. Which is to say that he was very very shiny. Billy s father ghost like presence was harnessed by a highly cultivated civilization to power their lightRead More PARADISE FLUBBED: Pynchon the New World Essay4618 Words   |  19 PagesVineland.Well do it ourselves, eventually.Not by introducing some new evil into this New Eden, but simply by retro-fitting America with the same brutal mannerisms, the same authoritarian conceits, the same mania for Tidying Up that destroyed Europe--all of these urges which Pynchon sees as (in Fredric Jamesons terms) necessary preconditions for the rise to imperialist hegemony and colonialist cruelty, and the inevitable descent into fascist insanity. The whiteness of decay that looms over

Bus519 Week 4 Assignment 2 Risk Management Plan Bus 519...

BUS 519 Complete Course Click below link for Answer visit www.workbank247.com http://workbank247.com/q/bus519-bus-519-complete-course/11447 http://workbank247.com/q/bus519-bus-519-complete-course/11447 BUS 519 Week 1 Discussion What is Risk? Please respond to the following: * There are three (3) schools of thought regarding risk. The first considers the positive and negative aspects of risk, but sees them as separate. The second group believes that there are benefits from treating threats and opportunities together, while the third school does not label uncertainties, but addresses uncertainty as part of â€Å"doing the job.† Argue the value of having a risk strategy despite the cost associated with it. Include an example to support†¦show more content†¦The assignments are dependent upon one another. Review the assigned case study and complete this assignment. Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you: 1. Analyze how the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) apply to the facts of the case study. Provide examples to support your analysis. 2. Determine the project benefits, organizational readiness, and risk culture of the company in the case study. Provide justification for your response. 3. Develop at least three (3) project risk recommendations based on the analysis from criteria number 1 and 2 of this assignment. 4. Identify the initial categories of risk (RBS Level 1 and 2) that you see as being present in the case study using the Example Risk Checklist (Figure A-2, Hillson amp; Simon text). 5. Use at least four (4) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: * Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides. * Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: * Analyze the critical success factors (CSFs), project benefits, and organizational readiness and

Being an Audience Free Essays

The play entitled â€Å"Arsenic and Old Lace† is about the story of comedy towards tragedy and dilemma. It emphasized the main product of the play, which is the elderberry wine that the main characters used to kill and bury people who had no family. Despite of its tragic complexity, the characters build widespread comic elements to lighten the effect of the story. We will write a custom essay sample on Being an Audience or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being an audience is actually a good but hard task. It enables you to understand fully the story and the implications of its resolution but having extra sensitive to the actions, words, the setting of the play in order to incorporate your ideas and imagination towards the whole situations, and sometimes may apply to the reality. The audience will determine whether an event, play or movie is good, better, or best for they could see the whole actions, that they are outside the frame of acting – they are the judge in the court. The original title of this play is Bodies in the Cellar. It began as a stage play opening on January 10, 1941. Arsenic and Old Lace play 1,444 performances on Broadway and 1,332 in London’s West End. The non-musical play conquered stages around the world in many languages – â€Å"Aresnico e Vecchi Merletti – in Italian. In 1944, Arsenic and Old Lace secured its place in the human consciousness with film direct by Frank Capra. The venue of the play in Ohio Theater House Square is an encouraging place to watch. The seats are comfortable and the ambiance is good as if it attracts its audience to participate in the play. Before the beginning of the play, people are talking to their friends and companions regarding their expectations in the story – the characters, the music, and the story as a whole. Some of the audiences observed the scenario of the place in order to be familiarized with the concept of the play. The audiences were approximately 150 to 200 people who are in higher and middle class, mostly whites. Even if there are blacks in the venue, only few of them exist. They sat at the right side of the stage where almost all of them are together. The dress of the audiences in the play manifests to their social status. A group of friends or family who are in the higher status wears dresses that are more beautiful while people in middle class, dress just like the same as going to school or church. They were also excited while chattering and laughing at their friends and family. The audience started to pay attention when the host went to the stage to introduce and orient the audience about the Indian’s game status and play that we are going to watch. After his remarks, lights dimmed. Some of the audiences yelled in excitement but most of us (including me), gazed at the beauty of the stage as the curtain opens. As I notice while watching the play, people at front part and at my both sides are amazed by the characters. Because the characters played very well, they encouraged the audience to become participative through their laughs and yells. The movements of the character are like dances. As the music come along, the actions of their bodies also went through the beat along with their voices and facial expressions. The history of the play did not result any negativities towards the audience but a standing ovation also because of the pure and unique performances of the characters as well as the setting of the play where audience may think that it is true. After the play, the audience made a significant applause to all the characters and the makers of the play. This kind of play is not easy for they need to build extra grave to bury all the bodies that the main characters killed. Aside from this, the plot, characterization, and resolution of the story merged as one to bring the comic tradition of tragedy, fallacy, and curiosity. The impact of the play to the audience made a distinct action throughout the story. The audience remained at their seats without talking to one another. As the twist of the story revealed, almost everyone in the audience reacted as if they were part of the play. As a whole, being an audience in this kind of event is grateful and unbelievable experience. It brings new life to the tradition of old culture where actors and actresses played their roles without the camera but all bare to the naked eyes. That is why it can be said that they are better than those in the television and movies for there are no director’s cut and editor’s cut – all is true and realistic in a fictional setting and environment. How to cite Being an Audience, Papers

The Asphalt History

Introduction The composition of crude oil is infinitely varied and complex. This is because of the several components that can be derived from crude oil after the separation process of distillation. However, the components derived from crude oil vary with the original location of the crude oil (Barth, 1962, p. 56).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Asphalt History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, crude oil found in West Virginia and Pennsylvania has a lot of wax, which may not be found in crude oils found in other regions. On the other hand, crude oil found in California is known to exhibit a lot of asphalt. Among the various components that can be separated from crude oil include lubricating oil, wax, heavy fuel oil, naphtha, tar, and asphalt just to mention a few. In this section, the production, history, and uses of asphalt will be discussed. â€Å"Asphalt is a semi-solid or highly vi scous substance that could be found as natural deposits or could be manufactured from crude oil. Asphalt is black in colour and very sticky given its high viscosity† (Freemantle, 2013, p.1). It is important to note that asphalt is something that we see and step on almost every day. Indeed, asphalt is the core substance in the construction of roads and airplane runways. It is because of the presence of asphalt that roads and runways are black. With this in mind, it can be deduced that asphalt is heavily used globally. For instance, the United States of America alone uses about 70 billion lb of asphalt yearly. However, this usage is expected to increase in future given the high rate of development. A big percentage of the asphalt used today is derived from the distillation process of crude oil. In fact, asphalt happens to be the residual product of crude oil distillation. â€Å"As such, asphalt comprises of saturated and unsaturated compounds as well as aromatic compounds whose composition differs with the source of crude oil† (Barth, 1962, p.56). However, most aliphatic compounds contain sulphur, nitrogen, heteroatoms, and oxygen among other compounds. â€Å"Typical asphalt will be made up of 80% carbon, 10% hydrogen, 6% sulphur, and small quantities of nitrogen and oxygen† (Freemantle, 2013, p.1).Trace elements such as iron, vanadium, and nickel will also be found in asphalt. Most of the aliphatic components have a high polarity, thus easily dissolving in polar substances such as hexane and heptanes. Aliphatic compounds exhibit high polarity due to the presence of functional groups such as amine, alcohol, and carboxyl in their structure. Nevertheless, asphalt is said to be thermoplastic in nature given its polymer network. Above all, asphalt is hard and able to withstand harsh temperature changes and forces hence its use in road construction. Below is an image showing an asphalt particle.Advertising Looking for research paper on geolog y? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fig. 1 (Barth, 1962, p.67) History of Asphalt Asphalt has been in existence for the longest time in history since 4000 B.C. Asphalt was first realized as deposits that occurred naturally on earth. It was thought that these deposits were as a result of ancient remains of living things such as microscopic algae and other diatoms. These remains were found at sea beds, lake bottoms, and mud, which were inhabitants of living things. Having been found in the ancient times, asphalt had several uses including being used in binding of bricks, cementing carvings, waterproofing, and ship caulking among other uses. â€Å"The bible indicates that the Tower of Babel was constructed using asphalt as a binding substance for the bricks† (McNichol, 2005, p.104). This therefore shows that asphalt is as old as the bible. The Dead Sea commonly known as the Palus Asphaltites (Asphalt Lake) by the Romans was the major source of asphalt for the Egyptians. Asphalt air blowing unit Upon distillation, crude oil is bound to recover various products including gases, heavy fuels, naphtha, wax, and asphalt. As mentioned earlier in the paper, asphalt is the residue of crude oil distillation thus being the lowest substance in the distillation unit as depicted in the figure below. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Asphalt History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fig. 2 (McNichol, 2005, p. 107) Crude oil distillation involves two stages of atmospheric and vacuum distillations. Atmospheric distillation entails heating the oil at temperatures above atmospheric pressure thus recovering gases and light density substances such as gasoline, jet fuel, and heating oil. Vacuum distillation is conducted at pressures that are absolute as well as under vacuum conditions of 10-40 mmHg. This stage is meant to recover heavy fuel oil as shown in the diagram below. Fig. 3 (Volodin et al., 2003, p. 213) As depicted in the above diagram, once the distillation process is over, oil with asphalt is extracted and de-asphalted before it goes through the air blowing process. The air blowing process of asphalt entails the use of an air compressor that is sued to blow air through the liquid asphalt that remains after distillation. This process takes place at temperature ranges of 235 to 290 0C (Volodin et al., 2003, p. 213). Asphalt is heated until it attains this temperature range and then held in the blowing tower. Hot air is injected in the blowing tower for a predestined period. The high heated air is introduced into the blowing column through the bottom part of the column. This air is normally meant to agitate mixing of the heated asphalt in a bid to increase the surface area for intended reaction. The air blowing process is carefully conducted to avoid any instances of asphalt combustion. As such, the temperatures a re normally below the asphalt flash point just to avoid the possibility of combustion.Advertising Looking for research paper on geology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The air blowing process involves exothermic reactions since heat is produced. It is important to note that oxygen in the air used in the process causes the asphalt to oxidize. On the other hand, the asphalt is dehydrogenized thus making it increase in molecular size. Several factors affect the reaction rate in the blowing column. These include the temperature used, residence time, the air-to feed ratio, as well as the viscosity and origin of the asphalt fed. Asphalt emulsifying process After the air blowing process, the extracted asphalt undergoes an emulsification process to come up with an asphalt emulsion. The emulsifying process essentially entails mixing of the asphalt with water at reduced melting point temperatures. An emulsion can be simply defined as the dispersion of one liquid’s droplets in another liquid of different densities. Most often than not, emulsions are either oil in water or water in oil mixtures. Common examples of emulsions include butter, creams, and mayonnaise among others. â€Å"An emulsion of asphalt ideally contains 70% asphalt with the rest being water and chemical additives† (Freemantle, 2013, p.1). This is because the emulsion is prepared by mixing asphalt with water in addition to emulsifying agents. The emulsifying agent function is to disperse the asphalt globules thus making them far from each other. This helps in space creation in between the globules for water globules to bind hence forming an emulsion. Through the application of mechanical energy adequate to break down the asphalt into small particles, the emulsion process sets on. The aim of the mechanical energy is to lower the viscosity of asphalt and make it miscible with water and other substances. The reason behind the emulsification of asphalt is to make it workable at different temperatures given the fact that asphalt is normally very hard at low temperatures. Before emulsification, asphalt is of brown colour, which significantly changes to black upo n emulsification. This turning of colour is an indication that the emulsion is broken after the evaporation of the water. It should be noted that the time taken for the water used in emulsification to evaporate and set is dependent on the emulsion type. Below is a typical diagram showing the emulsification process of asphalt. Fig. 4 (Volodin et al., 2003, p. 213) The blending process â€Å"Upon emulsification, asphalt becomes miscible with each other as well as with other liquids in different proportions† (Freemantle, 2013, p.1). This then makes it possible to produce different blends of asphalt that are of different characteristics. The blending process of asphalt is determined by the softening and penetration points of the asphalt hence the need for blending charts. The charts show the softening and penetration points of the asphalts intended to be blended. The meeting point of the two line graphs on the chart is then used during blending. The softening points are determin ed by measuring the viscosity of asphalt using a viscoliner and a graph similar to the one below derived. Fig. 5 Use of asphalt viscosity blending chart (Volodin et al., 2003, p. 215) Examples of asphalt blends Asphalt/wax blends In this type of blend, paraffin wax is blended with asphalt. The fact that paraffin wax has a low melting point of about 600C when blended with asphalt, the outcome product has a lower viscosity than the original asphalt. This blend also has a reduced tackiness especially during low temperatures. Asphalt/ Petroleum oil blends These are commonly referred to as cutbacks. These blends are made from petroleum oil products such as gas oil, kerosene, and naphtha among others. When blended, the product is normally softer than the original asphalt. Types and grades of asphalt produced There are different types and grades of asphalt produced during processing. These types differ in terms of composition, physical characteristics, and appearance. Some of the common t ypes and grades of asphalt include the following: Mastic asphalt: This is commonly known as sheet asphalt. It has a low percentage of asphalt. â€Å"It is mostly used in road construction as well as footpath construction. Some of it is used in flooring and roofing† (Freemantle, 2013, p.1). This is mainly because of its slippery characteristic, which makes it hard to absorb water. Cut-back asphalt: This type is made by blending asphalt with kerosene and then mixing it with aggregate. This makes it environmental unfriendly since it causes pollution. As such, it has been rendered illegal in most parts of the world. As time goes by, the asphalt becomes hard due to the loss of kerosene through evaporation. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMAC): As the name suggest, this type of asphalt is produced at high temperatures of about 1600C. This means that this asphalt is of low viscosity and with less moisture thus very durable. As such, this type of asphalt is preferred for use in highways, airport runways and other areas of high traffic (Volodin et al., 2003, p.214). Warm mix asphalt: The temperatures in this type of asphalt are relatively low, thus allowing the addition of wax and other substances to form emulsions. The process of making this asphalt is deemed environmental friendly because of reduced emission and low consumption of fuel. The only problem is that the warm mix asphalt is not as durable as hot mix asphalt. As such, it is used in areas of low traffic or used to patch damaged hot mix asphalt concrete. Specification and properties of each type of asphalt produced (high penetration, low penetration, etc) Grading of asphalt according to its penetration abilities is a system that began as early as in the 1900s. Penetration of asphalt is determined using a needle of 100 grams, which is inserted in the asphalt at a temperature of 250C. Using this test, the standard needle will penetrate deeper in less viscous asphalt, which is then graded as high penetration asphalt. In low penetration asphalt, the needle will not penetrate or have a shallow penetration. Penetration grading is important in determining the type of asphalt to be used in different climatic regions. In that case, the low penetration asphalt is used in regions of high temperature while the high penetration asphalt used in cold climatic regions. Nevertheless, this method has attracted much controversy with the critics arguing that the method is not ideal, as it does not test fundamental parameters such as viscosity. Uses and application of different types of asphalt Asphalt is mostly used in making asphaltic concrete that is a material for road construction. â€Å"The consumption of petroleum asphalt on asphaltic concrete is approximated at 80% of all petroleum asphalt used in the U.S. It is normally used as glue holding together crushed stones, sand, slag, gravel, and other materials† (McNichol, 2005, p. 67). For instance, rolled asphaltic concrete has the asphaltic binder an d aggregate, cutback asphalt has petroleum solvents, asphalt emulsions contain chemical additives and asphalt, and mastic has less aggregate than rolled asphaltic concrete. Secondly, asphalt is used in roofing shingles, which account for about a fifth of all asphalt used in the U.S. Roofing materials made of asphalt are actually the dominant roofing material in the U.S (McNichol, 2005, p. 34). In China and Japan, asphalt is incorporated in ceramics thus making them waterproof. In France, asphalt is embedded in photography and art where it used to make photographic films that are fitted in cameras. Asphalt is also used in paving of parking lots for vehicles and runways in airports. In addition to this, it is also used in making dam facings, canals, and reservoir linings. Asphalt has also been used in making battery casings and floor tiles. Due to its waterproofing property, asphalt is used to waterproof materials like fabrics. It can also be used in making cattle sprays and treating wooden objects and materials like wooden fence posts. Overall, the usefulness of asphalt comes as a result of its binding property and its waterproofing property. These properties work together to ensure that materials with asphalt are tough, hard, and durable. Conclusion From the above discussion on asphalt, it can be deduced that asphalt is indeed an important component despite being the residue product in crude oil distillation. Asphalt is the product that remains after distillation of crude oil although it could also be found as natural deposits in sea and lakebeds. In order to be rendered appropriate for use, asphalt undergoes various processes such as air blowing, emulsification and blending among others (Barth, 1962, p. 68). Additionally, asphalts are of different types with the main differences being physical properties and applications. Common types include mastic, hot mix, warm mix, and cut back asphalts. Asphalt is the core product in the construction of roads and airport runways (Volodin et al., 2003, p. 214). Other uses of asphalt mentioned in the paper include roofing, flooring, waterproofing and binding just to mention a few. Despite having several uses, asphalt has proven to have significant health impacts especially after prolonged contact with the substance. Asphalt fumes whose common way of exposure is through inhalation, pose health dangers to the respiratory system of a human being. Some of the immediate respiratory problems felt after exposure include cough and through irritation. If not immediately treated, lung cancer could arise. Asphalt fumes have also been depicted to bring about skin rashes, irritation of eye, headache, and fatigue among other minor ailments. Being carcinogenic, asphalt fumes could lead to different types of cancers such as stomach and throat cancer in cases of prolonged exposure. Reference List Barth, E. (1962). Asphalt: Science and Technology. New York: Gordon and Breach. Freemantle, M. (2013). Asphalt. Retrieved from http://pubsapp.acs.org/cen/whatstuff/stuff/7747scit6.html? McNichol, D. (2005). Paving the Way: Asphalt in America. Lanham, MD: National Asphalt Pavement Association. Volodin, Yu, et al. (2003). Production of Asphalt from Activated Crude Oil Residues.  Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 39(4), 213-215. This research paper on The Asphalt History was written and submitted by user Annabella K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Khrushchev was the most successful leader of Russia Essays

Khrushchev was the most successful leader of Russia Essays Khrushchev was the most successful leader of Russia Paper Khrushchev was the most successful leader of Russia Paper Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev was and remains Russia’s most conscientious leader, who correctly identified problems within Russia and the first to initiate fundamental change, which would bring about sustained prosperity and stability within all aspects of Russia. In order to implement this, Khrushchev had either rejected previous policies for their failure or weaknesses to adequately work, in order to replace them with ones more functional at grassroots level, or to first produce policies that would allow initial growth to occur. It is these policies which have remained fundamental to Russia; though later leaders may have furthered or readjusted them, their initial purpose remained at the core of many later policies. Reforms were intended to produce an improvement in all elements of Russia’s state functioning collectively; with the intension of such policies providing the groundwork for their further development by later leaders and this is precisely what is noticed in succeeding offices, which saw an elaboration of certain elements of Khrushchev’s initial policies. It is these initial policies which laid the basis for further reform, which allow me to deem Khrushchev the most successful leader; as it was reformations implemented on his behalf, which provided the framework for further sustained successful development. An example of Khrushchev’s rejection of previous policies to function sufficiently and replace them with adequate ones, is the 20th party conference in 1956. Khrushchev spoke of a â€Å"new political thinking†, in which he made visible, that previous attempts to successfully implement â€Å"socialism† were ineffective. If Russia was to transgress from its current position economic, political and social instability it had to part with former ways in order to accomplish this. Khrushchev acknowledged that transgression to economic and social prosperity had to come at a price. Khrushchev largely knew that the Russian political spectrum had been manufactured and dictated by the sole decisions-making of one individual: Stalin. As A. J. P. Taylor writes: â€Å"Stalin alone made every great decision [2] Russia’s stagnation was confound, to the political momentum in which Stalin was the sole instigator. The concept of Stalinisation was one in which all elements of Russian diplomatic and civil expression where entranced in absolute totalitarian control by one man. Transgression in any direction was indentured, by that individuals own perception of development – be it even if it was or wasn’t justifiable or applicable; as-long as they deemed it just. As Khrushchev stated at the 20th party conference: â€Å"Stalin acted not through persuasion nd cooperation with people, but by demanding absolute submission to his opinion. †[3] It is therefore to no surprise, that the implementation of de-Stalinisation was pivotal in permitting development in Russia. De-Stalinisation was a political tool which permitted the political domain of Russia to freely express new political initiatives, without being restricted by fear of opposing the totalitarian regime. The infrastructure was not reformed by this process, rather re-opened: it was now liable to change. It is this fundamental principle which became immensely pivotal for the development of Russia. De-Stalinisation fragmented previous policies which were deem unbeneficial, so their reconstruction for a more prosperous one in which sustained abrupt industrial, agricultural, civil and diplomatic advances where sufficiently developed and maintained- could be achieved. The rejection of previous failings is an intellectual concept pioneered by Khrushchev and adopted by every successor of his; for its practical advantages. It allowed the person in power to reform certain elements of the state; by initially focusing of on the weaknesses of the current system, than providing an alternative structure, which was in direct comparison to the sole failures of the previous one, obviously superior though whether or not these advantages where correctly comprehended by such individuals, is a different matter all together. [4] The â€Å"thaw† was the first attempt by a communist leader, to alleviate tensions between ideological and social demands, with John Keen claims: â€Å"His [Khrushchev’s] greatest accomplishment was to end the reign of fear [5] Such policies are testimony of Khrushchev’s implementation of combating Long-term problems confronting Russia, as Khrushchev claimed: â€Å"we must help people to live well. You cannot put theory into your soup or Marxism into your clothes. †[6] The â€Å"thaw† was a reformation of the ideological constraints, that communism had previously put on the Russian people. Previous rule restricted the development of civil reform: working conditions and general civil liberty remained severely undeveloped. The constant shrift between restricted and relaxed censorship was a long-term problem persistent throughout Russian history. Previous attempts of totalitarian rule had proved to be of little benefit to the state; in certain instances it furthered dissidents towards the government by the populace. As repression of censorship was bound to frustrate the Russian people, who were continuously placed in direct comparison with the west, yet in reality societal functioning differed greatly between the two: especially in terms of freedoms. What we see here, is Khrushchev’s realisation that reformation of any aspect of Russia, goes hand-in-hand with each other. It is of little significance if industrial reforms take place for economic growth, if social reforms which accommodate those who take on such policies are poor: one is bound to affect the other, as they are not of equal standards. Such tactics are similar to that of Witte and Stolypin; who both saw economic growth accompanied by social reform. We see here Khrushchev being the first (within communism), to create the basis for civil reformation; in order for it to accompany other reforms, which go hand-in-hand with overall prosperity. Therefore Vladimir Putin, who indicates a return to authoritarian rule, whereby media production is censored and suppression of regional provinces (such as Dagestan and Chechnya’s) right to self-governing bodies, may indicate a leadership were comprehension of the consequences of totalitarian rule verses increased civil liberty, are not correctly identified. As Sakwa states, Putin’s Russian society is characteristic of a centralised â€Å"Soviet-style bureaucracy†: similar to Stalin. [7] However, a conclusion on Putin’s office is not comprehensive, as his government remains; still reforming elements of society. The â€Å"thaw† is a clear demonstration of the importance of state prosperity (economic growth), being interlinked with general reforms. The sole expansion of one aspect of the state (e. g. the economy), cannot adequately develop, as the overall environment of the state would still be lacking behind. These general reforms can be seen as the long-term problems of Russia: agricultural and social reforms. The major mistake of leaders is to solely focus on the economic aspect of Russia, while ignoring the possible social elements; consequently drifting attention away from the ameliorated conditions of one aspect, to poorer ones. This is precisely what Khrushchev – along with Witte and Stolypin – emphasised; if all aspects of Russia are not reformed equally, disdain for a condition which is improved, is displaced onto another condition that is less developed: consequently leading to possible anarchy. These persistent long-term problems had to be assessed equally with other pivotal reforms, in order for the state to progress; this is apparent in the rule of Nicholas II. Industrial growth was prioritised, with industrial output increasing from 810 in 1908, to 1165 in 1913; showing signs of stability. [8] Yet what remained prominent, was the fundamental issue of poor social conditions. [9] Consequently leading to upheaval and opposition: such as the Lena Goldfields Massacre (1912) and Bloody Sunday (1905). These were all expressions of discontent with the conditions at hand. [10] These matters were further ignored, to point were upheaval against poor conditions was common place in 1917; which saw the Petrograd protest leading to a string of events, that brought about the collapse of the Tsar. [11] Khrushchev’s point is further empathised here; possibly the Tsarist regime would have been better equipped, if it had improved such persisting issues equally: continuity of industrial, agriculture and social development. Historians Koenker and Von Laue concur with this view, claiming that Nicholas’ incompetence in meeting social and industrial demands, further intensified the already fragile situation. [12] If long-term matters were equally addressed, possibly the collapse of the tsarist regime could have been prevented. The tenure of Khrushchev saw the greatest attempt at reforming the economic system, into one which would pose the most benefit: such are the policies of democratisation and decentralisation. [13] Such policies were compelled by mid-1957. Between 1954-55 approximately 11,000 enterprises moved from central to independent control, May 1955 major planning and financial decisions were removed from state Moscow control, to republican hold: Russia had become decentralised. [14] Proportions of industry were also subject to the effects of decentralisation; with Moscow-based ministries replaced with sovnarkhozy: independent organisations, free to regulate industrial activity within their provenance. In turn, greater autonomy was given to the industrial spectrum. The purposes of these policies were not to transform the economic structure into a western one, but rather allow beneficial advancements to be made. Prior to Khrushchev, the economic system created by Stalin, meant that the majority of state revenue was derived from the exportation of grain and with state farms operating at a loss, an alternative was â€Å"necessary. †[15] Yet the economic system was so entrenched in collectivisation, that no other alternative was deemed possible. Decentralisation and democratisation were proposed alternatives by Khrushchev. These policies provided Russia with the basis for possible further economic reform: it initially reopened the economic system, by making it more flexibly in areas of production and management. The fact that Khrushchev’s relatively short tenure did not permit sustained development of the vast amount of his policies, may indicate why these policies did not produce substantial industrial growth initially. Rather if time was permitted, these policies could have been further developed and produced possible growth. Thus if Brezhnev’s tenure had experienced prosperity at the beginning of his office, it may be due to an elaboration of Khrushchev’s policies; with later stagnation resulting from a reversal of these policies. Statistics show an initial increase in production: such as iron output increasing by 56 percent during 1965-75 and then decreasing to less than 7 percent from 1975-85. [16] Furthered by Brezhnev’s later crippled economic output, prior industrial growth stagnated in 1970-80, falling to less than 2. 6 percent. Similarly the Soviet Union’s GNP had fallen from 5. 2 percent in 1970, to 2. percent in 1980. [17] It appears that the effects of decentralisation were beneficial and a reversal of such policies would therefore counter-track production: which is seen under the centralised economy of Brezhnev. [18] The fact that Khrushchev’s policies were contributing to industrial growth, was an indicator of its successfulness. Therefore what was the necessity of their reversal? Thereby allowing us to stratify Brezhnev’s tenure into two categories: continuity of success due to the Khrushchev era and poor economic leadership by Brezhnev; causing further economic stagnation. Likewise, Stalin’s Collectivisation process had failed to produce an economic structure of continuity, with state farms operating at a loss, since procurement prices which were set by the state, had hardly been increased since 1928. [19] Stalin was indeed conscious of this, stating to the party that they had become â€Å"dizzy with success†; however no economic alternative was proposed. [20] If centralisation proved economically ineffective, why were decision not taken to alter the cause of direction – similar to Khrushchev? Perhaps these are largely signs of a poor economic leadership, on behalf of Brezhnev and Stalin. Gorbachev’s office shows that Khrushchev’s policies were later adopted and furthered by his successors. Though these policies were not initially adopted, when Gorbachev acknowledged that the state was in a point of crisis, these policies were then re-implemented. This initial misconception, is seen in Gorbachev’s foremost policies, which akin to the predecessors of Khrushchev, perceived stability solely through economic expansion; as he stated in the Central Committee meeting: economic growth was â€Å"the key to all our problems [21] Though unaware that economic growth demanded general reformation, expected growth bore no noticeable gain and thus lead Gorbachev to recognise the necessity of Khrushchev’s earlier policies; that general reform accompanied economic expansion. Therefore the later office of Gorbachev saw a continuity and elaboration of Khrushchev’s primary policies. He re- engaged in the process of denunciation, stating at the 27th Party Congress: â€Å"readjustment of the economic mechanisms begins with a rejection Peaceful co-existence was revisited; seen in the agreement with the US, to destroy intermediate-range nuclear weapons and the approval of the dismantling of the Berlin wall. Moreover, the civil and economic reforms of glasnost and perestroika, were but a build up of Khrushchev’s initial policies of reforming communism and decentralisation. Though McCauley argues Gorbachev’s reforms were pivotal to the creation of a civil state, the question is whether these policies would have been perused, if Khrushchev would have not laid the framework for their development? Likewise to Gorbachev’s initial perspective, Yeltsin perceived stability to be through economic might. [22] Yeltsin provided state initiatives (vouchers), with the purpose of creating a new entrepreneurial class (oligarchs), which would increase privately owned corporations; in turn pose similar benefits as Kulaks. Such a class would evolve into the dominant force to allow the economic structure of Russia to transform to one similar to western lines; as Yeltsin stated: the vouchers were â€Å"a short ticket to the free market. The oligarchs creation, meant the majority of the state’s economic resources were tied within the oligarchs; yet they redirected their own resources in international investments, rather than Russia’s. The result was a misjudgement of the oligarchs function, as they produce no abrupt economic growth as hoped. Rather they stimulated the growth of a corrupt black market. Though these policies were unsuccessful, the fact remains that the previ ous failing economic structure was redeveloped to the point, were transgression to a new system which could be further developed, was conceivable. An identical question to Gorbachev is posed: would any change have been permitted, if Khrushchev did not lay the foundation for their development, as they were continuations of Khrushchev’s decentralisation policies? T. A. Morris and Alan Wood, hold a conventional view that soviet agricultural growth was the consequence of Stalin, though such a perceptive can be challenged [23] Khrushchev’s initial policies of â€Å"Thaw† fragmented the Russian infrastructure, thus allowing reformation to take form: in this context, agriculture. During the near end of the Stalinist era, collective farms were operating at a substantial loss; agricultural functioning was in need of redevelopment. [24] Khrushchev’s methods of agricultural melioration were not merely intended for economic gain; they posed the first signs of agricultural and social advances. Taxes and compulsory state quotas was reduced, private plot was reintroduced, wages amounted, surplus labour was rewarded not demanded and Stalin’s practically insufficient â€Å"collective farms†, were lessened of their power. 25] Such policies were furthered by the 1954 Virgin Lands Scheme: its primary concern being the pre-occupation of uncultivated lands within the state. [26] Between 1954-60, 41. 8million hectares of â€Å"virgin land† had been ploughed. [27] Agricultural production was officially augmented by 3 per cent in 1954, with state procurement of grain rising by 50 per cent annually during 1954-63: predominantly from the virgin lands scheme. 28] The significance is thus, agricultural production may not have experienced a boom like that of Stalin’s, yet for the first time in soviet history, it did not stagnate nor fluctuate: it stabilised throughout the whole of Khrushchev’s tenure – largely unparalleled with pervious or later leaders Stalin had told party delegates of â€Å"a new policy of eliminating the Kulaks † as they were perceived to be the reason for Russia’s agricultural Laxness. [29] It is these actions, which form the basis for Khrushchev’s argument in the de-Stalinisation speech. Were the Kulaks not of economical benefit, during and before the tenure of Stalin? The primary creation of the Kulaks by Stolypin, was for economic growth. [30] Khrushchev’s criticism was not on the idea of producing grain on a grand scale to export for an economic capital, in turn redirecting the capital to industrial expansion, rather the way it was implemented. Was it utterly â€Å"necessary†, to liquidate the most prosperous and agriculturally beneficial class in Russia? Where there no other alternatives, which would show the same output as collectivisation and yet keep this class? The Virgin Lands Scheme was the alternative solution pioneered by Khrushchev, yet the alternative agricultural strategy was always available. Collectivisation under Stalin, involved the mass consolidation of grain; under state control. In order to hasten the rate of state grain procurement, forceful measures had to be implemented; involving the genocide of Russia’s most prized agricultural labourers: Kulaks. The Virgin Lands Scheme removed the need for state interference in order to raise state grain procurement. The necessity of collectivisation is once again questioned, with Getty viewing it as a necessity and those such as Perry, believing it to be â€Å"a tragedy for Russia †[32] Khrushchev was once again at the forefront of deconstructing inadequate policies, in order to replace them with ones more beneficial; thereby allowing these newer policies to be of greater economic advantage, as they remove the weaknesses of previous policies (i. e. annihilation of the Kulaks). If Stalin’s own direct predecessor acknowledged such a scheme prior to taking the post of general secretary, why didn’t Stalin? Its benefits are evident: grain production would have increased and without the removal of the Kulaks, it could have further stimulated production. This could rather be a sign of not only Stalin’s but all Russian leaders’ ignorance, of Russia’s own economic and agricultural potential. Does not the fact that Khrushchev clearly realised this, indicate his superior economic strategising and leadership? The creations of Khrushchev’s policies of Detente and Peaceful co-existence, steamed from Khrushchev’s tenure into that of every succeeding leader: for the sheer benefits which these policies brought. Prior to Khrushchev, poor foreign relations between Russia, the west and America, confound Russia in continuous international conflicts; bringing a halt to economic and social development of the state. We only have to examine the predecessors of Khrushchev to understand this. Within the tenure of Lenin, social stability was prevented, as the state remained in constant battle with international forces, consequently bring about civil war. Moreover, John Griggs states, Lenin’s government never saw effective attempts at ameliorating the state’s improvised economic situation. The fact remains, that involvement in war prohibited development. A state in international conflict had to redirect its resources, from industrial expansion and/or social development, to defence departments; Stalin’s tenure is testimony to this. Though at the beginning priority was given to economic matters, during the later part (1939 onwards), all economic resources were redirected into military expansion and development, in preparation for war. Furthermore, tensions between the USSR and other western democratises during the office of Stalin, became so ripe it lead to the greater development of the Cold War. As Churchill claimed: â€Å"an iron curtain† was drawn between the USSR and the rest of the world. 33] It’s the removal of this â€Å"iron curtain† which remained fundamental to Khrushchev’s foreign policies: constant poor international relations had prohibited positive development in the USSR and if such relations continued, the Cold War itself would evolve into one that would bring the same demise as previous wars. Khrushchev installed Detente and peaceful co-existence, because of its necessity; Russia could not continue nor economically afford perpetual involvement in War. Thus leading to relations with America, Europe and even China, being reaffirmed rather in the case of China, begin development on a positive note. Consequently In 1963, after a bad harvest, grain was imported from America – later becoming a regular occurrence and feature of the improved Soviet-US relationship. [35] However, this is not to say that the Soviet Union was not subject to international tensions: like the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. [36] It can be argued that the Crisis was a contradiction of Khrushchev’s policies of Peaceful co-existence, as is posed the possible outbreak of nuclear war and an increase in international tensions. However, attention should be drawn to the outcome of the matter. After an initial warning by President Kennedy, Khrushchev agreed on the removal of nuclear missiles within Cuba and a S. A. L. T. [37] What is seen here is a pursuit for international peace, rather than an expansion on nuclear defences; which would prevent a similar occurrence in the future. Khrushchev’s development of positive foreign policies – or rather his approach as a peace maker are what gave Russia the framework to remain a superpower and allow development to occur; as if these policies were not initiated, the USSR would have seen a continuity in war which would have brought her to her knee’s sooner, rather than later. What does not allow us to solely focus on the tenure of Khrushchev to draw a comprehensive conclusion, is the relatively short period he remained in office. What remains problematic is the fact that policies which Khrushchev had implemented, were merely initiated in his tenure and developed in the that of others, and those that remained underdeveloped (such as the Virgin Lands Scheme), is the consequence of the lack of time, which Khrushchev had to firmly implement them. Moreover, Khrushchev’s policies did not cease at the end of his tenure, but were further developed in that of his successors. Examination of later economic, diplomatic and civil reformations by latter leaders, shows evidence of Khrushchev policies being further developed, not abandoned, in order to bring about change or maintenance of an aspect of Russia. Nowhere is this more evident, than in the tenure of Gorbachev; which saw an utter elaboration of Khrushchev’s economic and civil policies. I believe the continuity of the vast amount of Khrushchev’s policies into the office of later leaders, as self acclaimed success: they were adopted by leaders not because there was no alternative, rather because they were necessary policies. Therefore the one who first initiated these policies (Khrushchev), allows me to deem them, the most successful leader during 1905 -2005.

Ten Facts About the U.S. State of Alaska

Ten Facts About the U.S. State of Alaska Population: 738,432 (2015 est)Capital: JuneauBordering Areas: Yukon Territory and British Columbia, CanadaArea: 663,268 square miles (1,717,854 sq km)Highest Point: Denali or Mt. McKinley at 20,320 feet (6,193 m) Alaska is a state in the United States that is located in the far northwest of North America. It is bordered by Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south and west. Alaska is the largest state in the U.S. and it was the 49th state to be admitted into the Union. Alaska joined the U.S. on January 3, 1959. Alaska is known for its largely undeveloped land, mountains, glaciers, harsh climate and biodiversity.The following is a list of ten facts about Alaska.1) It is believed that Paleolithic people first moved into Alaska sometime between 16,000 and 10,000 B.C.E after they crossed the Bering Land Bridge from eastern Russia. These people developed a strong Native American culture in the region which still thrives in certain parts of the state today. Europeans first entered Alaska in 1741 after explorers led by Vitus Bering entered the area from Russia. Shortly thereafter fur trading began and the first European settlement was founded in Alaska in 1 784. 2) In the early 19th century the Russian-American Company began a colonization program in Alaska and small towns began to grow. New Archangel, located on Kodiak Island, was Alaskas first capital. In 1867 though, Russia sold Alaska to the growing U.S. for $7.2 million under the Alaskan Purchase because none of its colonies were ever very profitable.3) In the 1890s, Alaska grew considerably when gold was found there and in the neighboring Yukon Territory. In 1912, Alaska became an official territory of the U.S. and its capital was moved to Juneau. Growth continued in Alaska during World War II after three of its Aleutian Islands were invaded by the Japanese between 1942 and 1943. As a result, Dutch Harbor and Unalaska became important military areas for the U.S.4) After the construction of other military bases throughout Alaska, the population of the territory began to grow considerably. On July 7, 1958, it was approved that Alaska would become the 49th state to enter the Union and on January 3, 1959 the territory became a state. 5) Today Alaska has a fairly large population but most of the state is undeveloped due to its large size. It grew throughout late 1960s and into the 1970s and 1980s after the discovery of oil at Prudhoe Bay in 1968 and the construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline in 1977.6) Alaska is the largest state based on area in the U.S., and it has an extremely varied topography. The state has numerous islands like the Aleutian Islands which extend west from the Alaska Peninsula. Many of these islands are volcanic. The state is also home to 3.5 million lakes and has extensive areas of marshland and wetland permafrost. Glaciers cover 16,000 square miles (41,000 sq km) of land and the state has rugged mountain ranges like the Alaska and Wrangell Ranges as well as flat tundra landscapes.7) Because Alaska is so large the state is often divided into different regions when studying its geography. The first of these is South Central Alaska. This is where the states largest cities and most of the sta tes economy are. Cities here include Anchorage, Palmer and Wasilla. The Alaska Panhandle is another region which makes up southeastern Alaska and includes Juneau. This area is has rugged mountains, forests and is where the states famous glaciers are located. Southwest Alaska is a sparsely populated coastal area. It has a wet, tundra landscape and is very biodiverse. The Alaskan Interior is where Fairbanks is located and it is mainly flat with Arctic tundra and long, braided rivers. Finally, the Alaskan Bush is the most remote part of the state. This region has 380 villages and small towns. Barrow, the northernmost city in the U.S. is located here.8) In addition to its diverse topography, Alaska is a biodiverse state. Arctic National Wildife Refuge covers 29,764 square miles (77,090 sq km) in the northeast part of the state. 65% of Alaska is owned by the U.S. government and is under protection as national forests, national parks and wildlife refuges. Southwest Alaska for example is mainly undeveloped and it has large populations of salmon, brown bears, caribou, many species of birds as well as marine mammals. 9) The climate of Alaska varies based on location and the geographic regions are useful for climate descriptions as well. The Alaska Panhandle has an oceanic climate with cool to mild temperatures and heavy precipitation year round. South Central Alaska has a subarctic climate with cold winters and mild summers. Southwest Alaska also has a subarctic climate but it is moderated by the ocean in its coastal areas. The Interior is subarctic with very cold winters and sometimes very hot summers, while the northern Alaskan Bush is Arctic with very cold, long winters and short, mild summers.10) Unlike other states in the U.S., Alaska is not divided into counties. Instead the state is divided into boroughs. The sixteen most densely populated boroughs function similarly to counties but the rest of the state falls under the category of unorganized borough.To learn more about Alaska, visit the states official website.References Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Alaska: History, Geography, Population and State Facts- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0108178.htmlWikipedia.com. (2 January 2016). Alaska - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlaskaWikipedia.com. (25 September 2010). Geography of Alaska - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Alaska

Building a Strong Brand within the Fashion Industry Essay - 1

Building a Strong Brand within the Fashion Industry - Essay Example Brand management practices refers to the various actions, decisions and even omissions which are done by the fashion companies in order to create value and identity of the brand . A brand has values, identity and emotion attached with it just like a human being. Just as human actions make or mar the human personality, the actions which are taken by the company decide what kind of image the brand receives. Companies use both strategic as well as emotional techniques in order to manage their brand. For effective Brand management the brand of the company should have a unique personality which differentiates it from others. Zara gives a message of democratizing fashion which means that it has to provide customers with latest design and trends at the minimum price. Thus all the activities of Zara are geared in order to ensure that this brand personality of ‘latest fashion at affordable prices’ is maintained. In order to ensure low prices, the company has to pay immense attent ion to its supply chain which needs to be quick and effective. On the other hand Armani as a brand has a personality which is an extension of its founder. The personality of the founder has been shown as youthful by the company, so the strategy of Armani is to target youths make sense. Brand management is also about effective story telling through proper channels of communication. This story

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing Plan - Essay Example Using the case of Shangri-la hotel, this study will highlight the specific branding and brand positioning strategies used by this particular hotel company. In relation to the need to serve the price-sensitive customers a.k.a. the brand switchers, this study discussed the advantages and disadvantages of using a separate brand name. At the end of this study, the bsuiness benefits associated with the use of brand extension strategies were tackled in details. Shangri-la is one of the most well-established hotel brands worldwide. In 1971, the first Shangri-La hotel was built in Singapore (Shangri-La, 2013a). Eventually, the company decided to expand its business operation in other countries. Throughout the entire Asia Pacific region, Europe, North America and the Middle East, Shangri-La hotels and resorts own at least 72 five-star hotels under the brand name Shangri-La (Kuhm, 2011; Shangri-La, 2013b). With the use of brand extension, the company is using the brand name â€Å"Kerry† and â€Å"Traders† to serve the hotel needs of people who are more price conscious (Kuhm, 2011). Branding is more than just the use of a company name, logo, or a trademark (Kotler, 2000, p. 404). In response to the business success of Shangri-la Hotel as a brand, this report will focus on discussing and analyzing how this particular company was able to create competitive advantage with the use of effective branding strategies. As part of going through the main discussion, this report will first discuss the branding strategies used by Shangri-la Hotel and how this company was able to benefit from its branding strategies. Eventually, this report will tackle the significance of branding and brand positioning in the contemporary international tourism. Prior to conclusion, this report will identify and discuss potential problems or limitations which may have impede the business success of Shangri-la Hotel. Based on the

Power In Discourse Includes Powerful Participants English Language Essay

Power In Discourse Includes Powerful Participants English Language Essay Introduction: Norman Fairclough, observes that there is a correlation between unequal power relations and the way language is used. In this essay, Im going to comment on language and power in analyzing discourse. Ill discuss different encounters that display power in discourse. Therefore, I categorize areas of constraints enacted through discourse and Provide examples of language indicators of power in the quoted discourse. Power in discourse includes powerful participants who control contributions of non-powerful participants. Constraints of speakers contributions have three types; Content: what is said or done. Relations: Social relations involved in discourse. Subjects: Subject positions which people can occupy. Ive chosen an encounter which displays power in discourse as a conversation between members of a family about buying a new house in Kuwait; 1.Husband: I think about buying a new house.Thus,I d like to ask about your opinions. 2.Wife: A good idea but you should think about which are and location rather than size of the housev or number of rooms. 3.Husband: Which area do you prefer? 4.Wife: internal areas such as Shweikh or Abdallah AL-Salm. 5.Husband:(angrily)Are you crazy?Dont you know that the house costs one million dinar in this area but we have got only one hundred fortyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 6.Wife: What about other areas such as AL-Rawda,AL Sora,AL-Odyleyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 7.Husband:I told you that we dont have price of one house in these areas as the smallest one costs about one hundred seventy but we need a large house containg three rooms at least. 9.Sarah:(the oldest daughter) I need a private room as Im a university student and cant study with my little daughters.Thus,we need gour rooms at least. 10.Ahmed(the oldest son): I also need a private room. 11.Abdallah and Abdalaziz(twins):we alsop need a private room and dont like to change our school where we have all our friends.What about buying in this area? 12.Wife:(angirly) you will go to a better school and make new friendships. 13.Husband:What s your opinion,my parents? 14.Grandfather: what can I say as you decided to desert us? 15.Father:No,father,you will come with us. 16.Grandfather: I wont leave my house. 17.Grandmother: I wont leave my house.how vabout staying with us as the house is very large. 18.Wife: What about selling your house inorder to be able to buy a large house in luxurious areasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 19.Husband: I dont admit that as it is unfair to my brothers so Ill buy a house at our expenses only. 20.Ahmed:Dewanya is the most important place inh the house where all men meet,isnt it? 21.Father:Yes,it is very important. 22.Wife:(angirly)Where willyou build a house? 23.Husband: May be,in Said Al-Abdalah 24.Wife:(exclaiming),in Al-jahra.Ive never visited it.What can I say to all friends and relatives. 25.Husband: It have decided to do that. 26.Grandfather: You can stay with us after we reconstructed our house as we cant live without you. 27.Grandmother:It is good.Then,you can stay here , wont change your schools and have your private rooms. 28.Wife:It is agood idea.Then,we can do business to get more money and buy the house which we like,cant we? 29.Daughters and Sons:It is great father,we will stay with gramndparents and wont change our school. 30.Husband: Ill think about this idea. Father, as a power holder, exercises control over contributions of all family members in conversation as follows; In the opening turn,father,as a power holder in the house, announced to other members of the family what he is thinking about and identify their contributions in this subject Id like to ask about your opinions..In turn(1)He told them that he needs to know their opinions about buying a new house so he allows them indirectly to start talking and participate in such a conversation. Again in turn(13),father practices control of power over discourse when he asks his parents to tell their opinions What s your opinion,my parents?.However,he gives equal instructions to all participants to tell their opinions explicitly about buying a new house but when he notices that grandparents are silent, he asserts his desire to know their own opinions in turn(13).Father evaluated a lot of contribution from other members of the family in turns(21) explicitly when he asserted the importance of Dewanya Yes, its very important as his son suggested and in turn (30) implicitly when he decided to think about this idea. Father used positive evaluations in order to encourage other participants to continue their contributions in conversation. These are considered as arrogant if father address equal partners or more powerful ones. Wife made series of questions in turns(6),(18),and (22) which indicates that wife fails to master power in discourse. This is an appropriate tactic to maintain a lot of control on conversation as he asks most questions which all members of the family answer and express their disagreement on some suggestions or ideas concerning a new house. Family members answers show that they adhere to rights of conversation.However,some people cant imagine that father as a power holder can be asked and answer questions in turns(7),(15) and (19).Thats because father provides some space to other members of the family to make conversation continue on longer term. Obligations of family members to contribute in conversation are emphasized in turns (14),(23) and (26) by a pause(marked by a space dot) where there is a brief silence in which all eyes are on this participant who are responsible to tell his opinion. In turn(5),father uses a negative question Dont you know that the house costs one million dinar in this area but we have got only one hundred fortyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which may be dependent on intonation or other circumstances of discourse. This question as if father suggested something before and wife contrasts this suggestion so his negative question makes his wife to look silly.Finally,in turns(25) and (30),father uses short sentences which seems to be hardly spoken as if he would like to end conversation as a power holder because he reaches his final decision concerning buying a new house or not. Question tags are used in (20)isnt it? and (28)cant we? which refers to the speakers suggestion but others may seem to disagree these suggestions. Question tags are used depending on intonation and other factors which affect conversation stream. Interruptions and overlaps occur in turns (6),(7) and (14) as constraints on content, relations and subjects arent well adopted. Wife and husband interrupted each others in these turns as if father fails to master power in discourse. Relations and subjects of the conversation are closely related as all these interruptions occur in the conversation. We have all types of constraints in this example. Concerning content, family members are required to tell their opinions about buying a new house. Relations are social between father and other family members. Subject positions include an aspirant father and other members of the family including grandparents. These constraints lead to particular forms of language. All constraints on discourse, whether content, subject or relation, dont appear to have direct control of power in discourse on other family members who participate in this conversation. When we examine conversation continum,we notice that father is the only responsible for giving all directive acts of speech particularly questions to other members of the family who are obliged to answer or at least give their opinions to father as a power holder over discourse. Family members play the role of fathers subordinate who must contribute by their views about topic of discussion which is buying a new house. Father doesnt control the discourse directly but family members are already constrained by conventions of discourse type which is previously identified. Although, father is a power holder who determines which discourse can be admitted, other powerful participants, such as a wife, can produce directive speech acts particularly making questions as what occurs in turns (6),(18) and (22) so wife as a powerful participant can indirectly constrain the participants by selecting the discourse type. The most important constraint is self-constraint as all participants adhere to conventions of discourse whether powerful or non powerful participants.However,father as the most powerful participant manages to master discourse very skillfully and provides space for other non-powerful participants to make their contributions or even interruptions in different degrees and distances. In turn(6),wife interrupts father not because she would like to do all the talking or control discourse but because she would like to relieve fathers anger from her previous contribution in conversation.However,in turn (7),father interrupts wife in order to control her co ntribution in the conversation as a power holder who has the right to practice power in discourse over other family members particularly his wife who should give correct participation as he expects. Power in discourse or behind discourse isnt always attributed to a particular person or social groupings. On the other hand, power may be lost or won in the discourse according to social struggle.People,who dont hold power usually look forward to gaining sources of power. This applied to0 the speakers at different levels whether situational, social or institutional. Let us begin with a text where struggle is clear in an interview between a student(S) who is accused of making trouble at school and a teacher(T); 1.T: Why didnt you leave school at 2 p.m? 2.S: I didnt use to leave school immediately at 2.p.m. 3.T: Why is that? 4.S: That is clear, isnt it?I,m waiting for may classmates to go together. 5.T: Well. There arent any students at school at that time, are there? 6.S: No, none of students are there at that time, are they? what about .students who were collecting there? 7.T: That was last year.However,Iamnt convinced that you are innocent as you said.Hence,did you go to the court instead of going straight home? 8.S: I thought that my classmates might come to the court.Anyway,we usually meet at the court. In this conversation, the teacher exercises control over students contributions. They both adhere to rights and obligations of discourse which readers or listeners can expect in such an interview.However,I dont expect that a student asks a question and a teacher answers. Audience may expect that teacher exercises more control over discourse than all people expect. He tends to exceed his discourse rights and doesnt adhere to his obligations.Firstly,the student challenges teachers questions in two occasions(turn 2 and 4),instead of answering teachers questions directly.However,the student provides an answer to a question implicitly in (2) and introduced it after he challenges the teachers question in (4).In addition in (6),the student asks a question which the teacher answers as all listeners or readers dont expect. On the other hand, a student gives an answer in turns (6) and (8) which is irrelevant to what the teacher wants to know.However,all expect that the teacher can force the st udent to requirement of an interview or which should have a relatively formal setting but he deals with a teacher as a peer. It is evident in a students vocabulraystudents,collecting,the court,meet.Audience thinks that a student who uses these vocabulary Must be influenced by the interviews setting,occasion,power and distance which separates him from the teacher. The teacher maintains a lot of control on an interview as he asks most questions which the student answers fairly with some complaint. The students answers indicate some adherence to rights and obligations of conversation., The teacher, as a power holder, yields some ground to the student in order to pursue a strategy of a long term. This may be an interpretation of the teachers failure to immediate challenge to the students questions but he answers them and let his challenge pass as he accepts it. This example shows how a social struggle of power between a student who shows that he isnt affected by school authority as he challenges conventional constraints of discourse in such situations. There are three levels of social organisation;situational,institutional and societal. We have described what is going on a situational level.However,we havent a adopted a social pattern to which a student belongs to the same class of society as all young people so the teacher uses appropriate tactics which are standard for dealing with all individuals of his class. At institutional level, law and the family are similar institutions which shows the same struggle between young people as a social struggle at an institutional level as the school can be considered as a social institution. Power in discourse or behind discourse isnt always attributed to a particular person or social groupings. On the other hand, power may be lost or won in the discourse according to social struggle.People,who dont hold power usually look forward to gaining sources of power. This applied to0 the speakers at different levels whether situational, social or institutional. Conclusion: In conclusion, some speakers have power in discourse as they exercise control on other participants of discourse. discourse is seen as a place where speakers exercise relations of power. On the other hand, power behind discourse is related to how relations of power constitute discourse order in society. Power cant be held by definite persons for ever but it is won and lost through social struggle. In my opinion, there is continuous inequalities between people, there is always power in discourse, power behind discourse and social struggle in discourse.

Creating Peace Through Non Violence

In Martin Luther King Junior’s essay â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† and Aung San Suu Kyi’s essay â€Å"Freedom from Fear†, they discuss the importance of non-violent action in order to end political conflicts. In the speech â€Å"A Just and Lasting Peace† Barack Obama explains the effects of war and the ways in which non-violence can create a just and lasting peace. According to King, in order to create opportunities for negotiating about unjust laws, non-violent action may be necessary. Violence is never the long term solution to any problem.This is why non-violent action is so powerful. Suu Kyi discusses why society must be able to liberate their minds from apathy and fear in order to overcome a corrupt government. Fear causes corruption in government and corruption in society. In order to restore a corrupt government and society, the citizens must find courage, because courage is the only way to overcome corruption. According to Barack Obama, in order to create a just and lasting peace we must find alternatives to violence. War promises human tragedy. In most cases the cost of war outweighs the benefits.Non-violent direct action, freedom from fear, and alternatives to violence will fix corrupt governments and will create lasting peace by forcing a national awareness of injustices; without political pressure there cannot be a lasting peace. Non-violent direct action will create opportunities for negotiating unjust laws. During the civil rights movement, racial discrimination impacted the lives of many African Americans. Racial segregation laws became the main target for civil rights activists like Martin Luther King, Jr.According to King, â€Å"in any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: (1) collection of the facts to determine whether injustices are alive; (2) negotiation; (3) self-purification; and (4) direct action† (King 576). In the first step you must be able to identify an issue which requires no n-violent action. After you identify an issue you must negotiate with a political leader in order to solve this problem. If this does not create a solution to the problem direct action may be necessary.The purpose of non-violent direct action is to create a situation so crisis-packed that it will open the door to negotiation. King believes that violence will only prolong the issues in society and the only effective way to create lasting change is to pressure political leaders through non-violent action. According to King, there are two types of laws: a just law and an unjust law. â€Å"An unjust law is a code that a majority inflicts on a minority that is not binding on itself. A just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow that it is willing to follow itself† (King 580).Unjust laws create corruption among societies. In order to overcome these unjust laws one must be willing to break them. By disobeying unjust laws, and accepting the penalties which come wi th it, in reality you are â€Å"expressing the very highest respect for law† (King 580). This act of civil disobedience will put significant pressure on politics in order to force a change. Many peaceful protests were used in order to bring awareness to level of police brutality during the civil rights movement.After witnessing countless African Americans being attacked by malicious police officers while peacefully protesting, a national awareness pressured segregation laws out of existence. In order to build a civilized society which provides basic human rights, citizens must be fearless of their government. According to Aung San Suu Kyi, there are four kinds of corruption: â€Å"corruption induced by desire†, â€Å"revenge†, â€Å"ignorance†, and â€Å"fear† (Suu Kyi 682). Fear, unlike the rest, is the root of all evil. Power doesn’t lead to corruption, fear does.The fear of â€Å"losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the s courge of power corrupts those who are subject to it† (Suu Kyi 682). In order to overcome fear in a corrupt government, each and everyone must make sacrifices in order to possess courage. In a society where fear is an integral part of everyday existence, it is not easy to remain uncorrupt. It is the obligation of the people to stay strong and uphold principles of justice. Without fear one can overcome any obstacle, but the second fear returns it is difficult to reach your goals.In order for these ordinary people to create a society which promotes â€Å"the basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled†, they must discover that â€Å"freedom from fear stands out as both a means and an end† (Suu Kyi 684). When a society is able to stand together and liberate their minds from apathy and fear, they will truly achieve freedom. They will have the courage to challenge their corrupt government and create a government where the people possess the power. The non-violent way of overcoming a corrupt government is to overcome fear.In a world filled with war, genocide, and dangerous weapons, we must explore alternatives to violence which will help create just and lasting peace. According to Barack Obama â€Å"there is nothing weak—nothing passive—nothing naive—in the creed and lives of Gandhi and King† (Obama 644). Despite this, Obama believes that war has a role in preserving the peace, but in no way is it the solution to all problems. No matter how justified, war promises human tragedy. Innocent citizens will die along with foreign and U. S soldiers.Wars between nations will give way to wars within nations. Looking back at the past we can see completely different views on war. For most of history â€Å"the capacity of human beings to think up new ways to kill one another proved inexhaustible† (Obama 643). The views on war have significantly evolved over the years due to many evolutionary changes inc luding the addition of the Marshal Plan and the United Nations. Both of these additions have prevented a third world war. By restricting the use of war and weapons, the U. S has improved the balance between peace and violence.According to Obama, there are three ways that we can build a just and lasting peace. We must develop â€Å"alternatives to violence†, â€Å"human rights†, and â€Å"economic security† (Obama 648). Alternatives to violence will help the United States build peaceful relationships between foreign countries which will prevent future wars. Human rights are essential for maintaining a peace among the U. S citizens. Economic security will improve the standard of living in the United States and it will unite the peoples trust in the government. By achieving these goals, the U.S can achieve a non-violent means to a lasting peace. Non-violent direct action, freedom from fear, and alternatives to violence are key solutions to overcoming a corrupt gove rnment and creating lasting peace. Non-violent direct action may seem like an ineffective way to solve problems in a corrupt government, but according to Martin Luther King, Jr. , it is the only way to fix a corrupt government. Non-violent direct action was a key tactic used during the civil rights movement which ended racial segregation in America. Martin Luther King, Jr. nd other civil rights activists demonstrated non-violent sit-ins and protests which pressured political leaders into negotiating deals which would limit segregation laws. By doing this, the U. S people were able to see the level of police brutality during the civil rights movement. The U. S citizens were able to see how segregation was morally wrong. Non-violent direct action was an effective method used to end racial segregation. Freedom from fear is what Aung San Suu Kyi describes as being a key method to fix a corrupt government. Any society which is controlled by fear often possesses some level of corruption w ithin its government.In order to overcome a corrupt government, you must liberate your minds of apathy and fear. When a whole society is able to come together and build a sense of courage among the people, that society will have what is needed to overcome a corrupt government. Barack Obama describes the importance of finding alternatives to violence. In order to create a lasting peace, you must first have peace. As a nation, the United States is striving towards peace whether it’s on foreign or domestic land. Many wars have been fought in order to create peace, but as long as there is war there will never be lasting peace.The solution to this problem is complex, but it starts with us finding alternatives to violence. War will not solve any issues. It simply prolongs and complicates foreign conflicts. When the U. S government creates peace treaties instead of wars, then and only then will we see a glimpse of lasting peace. Works Cited King, Martin Luther, Jr. â€Å"Letter fro m Birmingham Jail. † Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , 12 Apr. 1963. Print. Obama, Barack. â€Å"A Just and Lasting Peace. † The Nobel Foundation, n. d. Print. 2009. Suu Kyi, Aung San. â€Å"Freedom from Fear. † Micheal Aris, 1995. Print.

Racial Discrimination And African Americans - 1323 Words

Although racism has improved a lot since the 1600s, America still has some progress to make. Racial discrimination is the hatred of one person by another—or the belief that another person is less than human—because of skin color, language, customs, place of birth or any factor (adl.org). Americans try to overlook the inequalities of the world and pretend that racism does not exist anymore, only it very much does. Dating back to the 1600’s, African Americans were treated as less than human and not equal to whites. Up until 1865, blacks were enslaved by white families. They were beaten if they chose to not listen, treated inhumanely, and forced to work against their will with no payment or appreciation. Some whites would try to justify slavery by saying they would have no home or place to sleep if they were not â€Å"working† for them. The segregation at this time was just horrendous. There were â€Å"black only† and â€Å"white only† restrooms as well as â€Å"black only† and â€Å"white only† school systems. Of course the blacks restrooms were not near as nice or clean as the whites restrooms and the black schools were inferior to the white schools. One more prime example of the awful inequality is the segregated military. Blacks were considered â€Å"less capable† of performing military acts. If a black man or women actually made it in, it was only to segregated units that only did basic infantry training. They were not allowed to call any shots, drive or ride on any tanks or hum V s or fly any plane.Show MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination Against African Americans857 Words   |  4 Pageslegal organizations and communities that related to the racial discrimination issues in America (United States Department of Labor). 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Wong1060 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss racial discrimination and focus on content from an article entitled: The Inï ¬â€šuence of Ethnic Discrimination and Ethnic Identiï ¬ cation on African American Adolescents’ School and Socioemotional Adjustment by Carol A. Wong, Jacquelynne S. Eccles and Arnold Sameroff. This article focuses on the racial discrimination in schools and predicts how it may change academic and psychological functioning of African Americans and whether or not their ethnic identity can be related to such changes. Racial discriminationRead MoreFor decades, African Americans have been on a racial discrimination and extremely deadly roller2100 Words   |  9 PagesFor decades, African Americans have been on a racial discrimination and extremely deadly roller coaster ride for justice and equality. In this new day and age, racial tendencies and prejudice has improved since the 1700-1800s,however, they are slowly going back to certain old w ays with voting laws and restaurants having the option to serve blacks or not. It all began with the start of slavery around 1619. The start of the New World, the settlers needed resources England and other countries had, whichRead MoreEssay On Police Brutality1478 Words   |  6 Pagesminority groups are being harassed and treated like hogs due to racial discrimination. In current day America racial discrimination is ongoing, which leads to police brutality. In â€Å"Why Are So Many Black Americans Killed By Police?†, Carl Bialik, reveals racism (consciously or not) leads to police brutality of African Americans. Kia Makarechi in â€Å"What The Data Really Says About Police and Racial Bias†, shows evidence of African Americans receiving more police brutality because of racism. Clint Smith